Let me first give you refraction definition. The refraction is caused by the difference between the densities of three mediums or substances.
The waves phases velocity is altered at the finish of the boundaries between the media, so usually causing a alter in the direction of light. Although the frequency is constant but its wavelength increases or decreases . If the alter in refractive index, the light rays will refract is changed as it enters and leave the glass prism.
When the ray passes through the one region to other region i.e in to the water. The amount of bending ray is depend on the salinity, temperature, and pressure of the water. Similar effect is even be there in the earth’s atmosphere.
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