Nature of Physical Laws

Introduction:

In physics we study the particles of extremely small size and those of extremely large size. The methods and tools of their study are different. In addition to finding the facts by observations and experimentation we attempt to discover the nature of physical laws which are obeyed by small as well as large size particles.

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Conservation of Energy


If force acting on a body is conservative, then mechanical energy  of body remains constant. The well known example is the free fall of a particle under gravity. If the force is not conservative, the conservation of energy principle states that the total energy of the universe remains constant. This is the general law of conservation of energy. The nature of physical lawslaw of conservation energy is true for all forces and all types of energy transformation.


Conservation of Linear Momentum


It states that if the external force acting on a system of particles is zero, then the linear momentum of the system remains constant. For example the law of conservation of linear momentum is that if external force is zero, the linear momentum of an isolated system is constant. Thus for validity of nature of physical laws the system must be free from all external forces.


Conservation of Angular Momentum


It states that if the external torque acting on the system of particles is zero, then its angular momentum remains constant. The law is independent of size, location and nature of system. For example, nature of physical laws the angular momentum of an electron revolving around a small nucleus is constant.

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Mass – Energy Conservation


Nature of physical laws,according to Einstein mass and energy are not separate quantities but mass may be converted into energy and vice-versa. The equivalence relation between mass and energy is E=mc2, where E is energy in joule, m is mass in kilogram and c is speed of light in metre/ second. Accordingly if energy E is lost, mass m is increased and if mass m is lost, then energy E appears.