Pressure Manometer

Introduction to pressure manometer:

The thrust (total normal force) per unit area of the surface is called pressure. The SI unit of pressure is Newton per square meter (Nm-2). It is a scalar. A given body may produce different pressures depending on its position. Liquid contained in a vessel exert thrust at all points below their free surface, and this thrust exerted in all directions. This distribution of thrust exerted by a liquid due to its own weight is called the liquid pressure. The factors on which the liquid pressure depends can be studied by using a manometer.

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U-tube manometer

A manometer is a simple instrument used to indicate changes in pressure. It consists of a glass u-tube, containing coloured water or a liquid or a mercury (if the changes in pressure to be measured are large). This u-tube is mounted on a wooden stand in the vertical position. A scale is fixed to the stand to read the levels of the liquid in the two arms. One end of the tube is open while the other end is connected to a rubber tube. To measure the pressure inside a liquid a thistle funnel ( a funnel with globular or cylindrical head) is closed by fixing a thin rubber membrane over it.

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Explanation to pressure manometer

If we press the rubber membrane, there is a change in the levels of the liquid in the two arms of the u-tube. The difference in the levels indicates the effect of the applied pressure. The pressure on the membrane is transmitted to the air in the rubber tube. The air transmits this pressure to the liquid in the closed arm of the u-tube. The liquid level in this arm is lowered, while in the open arm it rises. As soon as the pressure on the membrane is withdrawn, the levels in the two arms of the u-tube become equal.