Electrical Terms

Introduction to electrical terms:

The electrical terms mean that the terms used in current electricity. Before proceeding to the terms of electricity, Let us learn what is electricity? that is it covers various phenomenon resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.

The terms used in the electricity are electric current, ampere, resistance, ohm,ammeter, voltmeter, closed circuit, open circuit, insulators , conductors etc. While studying the electricity, it is necessary to know these terms which we use in electricity.

We must be familiar with the cells used in a torch to light up its bulb. The cells provide a direct current to the bulb. The direct current is denoted by d.c. This current has a unique direction and it flows from the positive terminal of the cell to its negative terminal through the bulb of torch.

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Different Electrical Terms


Electric current: The current is the rate of flow of charge across the cross section of a conductor, the cross section being normal to the direction of flow of current.

Current(I)=Charge(Q)/time(t)

The current is a scalar quantity. And it is measured in amperes.

Sources of current: There are two types of current are,

1. a.c.(alternating current) which we obtain from the mains in our house and from a.c. generator.

2. d.c.(direct current) which we obtain from a cell or a battery.

Ammeter: It is a device or instrument used to measure the magnitude of current flowing in the circuit.

Voltmeter: It is used to measure the potential difference between the two points of a circuit.

Circuit: The path along which the current flows, is called a circuit. The current flows only if the circuit is complete(closed). And if the circuit  is open, the current does not flow.

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Some More Electrical Terms


Potential Difference: When two charged conductors are joined by a metallic wire or they are placed in contact, the free electrons flow from a conductor having more concentration of electrons to the conductor having less concentration of electrons.

Unit of potential difference is volt.

Resistance: The obstruction offered to the flow of current by the filament or wire is called its electrical resistance.

The unit of ohm.

Galvanometer: A galvanometer is used when we want to detect very weak current in an electric current or to know the direction of flow of current in a circuit.

Load: An appliance which is connected in the circuit is called a load.

Connecting wire: These are the wires used to connect the different electrical components.